Sculptural Art of TamilNadu

                                    Sculptural Art of TamilNadu

what is Art-?

Art is a tool invented by man to express his thoughts. The first work of art of man was the stone tool. This is where he gave shape to his thoughts and knowledge. He used those stone tools for hunting. After stone tools, rock paintings occupy an important place in the history of art. He drew his thoughts in the form of paintings to convey his thoughts to others. Sculpture followed these. That too was not carved in stone. They carved it in hot sand. In Tamil Nadu, clay figures occupied an important place for the first time. In this, they created images of gods. But they avoided stones. Because they considered stones to be an auspicious material for making amulets and center stones.

History of Sculptural Art of TamilNadu

Although the history of sculpture in Tamil Nadu began in the Sangam period, it developed during the Pallava period. The line drawn on stone can be said to be between clay figures and stone sculptures. The best evidence of the existence of stone sculptures in Tamil Nadu, at the end of the Kadai Sangam period, i.e. in the 5th century AD, before the Pallavas, is the Arasalapuram Nadukal in Villupuram district. This can be considered the beginning of stone sculptures.

Religious sculptures are mostly found in Tamil Nadu. Vedic sculptures such as Saivism, Vaishnavism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Shakti are found.

Sculptures can be divided as follows:

1) Clay sculptures

2) Stone sculptures

3) Bronze sculptures

During the Sangam period, clay sculptures were made of gods, animals, birds, and human figures. Stone sculptures can be classified as individual sculptures and relief sculptures. Both types of sculptures existed during the Pallava period. Mahabalipuram and Kanchipuram are considered the paradise of sculptures. Pallava period sculptures can be divided into two periods.

1) Early Pallavas

2) Later Pallavas

The relief sculptures created by the Pallavas are carved with mythological scenes. For the Pallavas, it is unique to the Chola sculpture. They gave importance to bronze sculptures rather than karsips. This was called Seppu Thirumenigal. Their bronze sculptures are world famous.

Currently, bronze sculptures are made in places like Kumbakonam, Darasuram, and Swamimalai.

Famous sculptures during the Chola period

1) Nataraja

2) Rishabandha

3) Arthanari

4) Bhikshanathan

There are many differences in Pallava and Chola sculptures. Pallava sculptures are large and do not have much ornamentation. Chola sculptures are delicate and have a lot of ornamentation. The sculptures cannot be identified by their faces and bodies.



pic:1Mahavira 17cent AD

pic:2  Pallava Dvarapalaka


Sculptures flourished in the Vijayanagara period. During their time, especially pillar sculptures were carved in large quantities. They gave more importance to Vaishnavism than Shaivism. The Anjaneya sculpture in particular is famous. The Nayakas who came after the Vijayanagara period followed their style of sculpture.


Conclusion
Sculptures are revered in Tamil Nadu, and their creation is based on the food rituals of the Tamils. Tamil Nadu has been the cradle of sculpture since historical times to the present day.





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